Nucleus pulposus cells primary cells, culture media. The genus scirpophaga was first introduced by treitschke in 1832 as a monotypic genus. Pierce1 1department of organismic and evolutionary biology and museum of comparative zoology, harvard university, 26 oxford street, cambridge, massachusetts 028 email. Blarina hylophaga elliot, 1899 is a soricid commonly called elliots shorttailed shrew. The investigated specimen differs from the frontals of other members of the genus clidastes in the relatively straight lateral flanks. Scirpophaga incertulas, the yellow stem borer or rice yellow stem borer, is a species of moth of the family crambidae.
The shell of this species is generally 812 mm high and 58 mm wide, with 78 whorls. The major question is whether or not larval feeding in the elongated stems is damaging and if so, although no visible. Pdf rice stem borer abundance are largely influenced by climate. For details of national estimates, see supplementary pdf. Losses due to top borer scirpophaga excerptalis wlk. Pdf population phenology modeling of rice yellow stem borer. The nucleus pulposus consists of collagen fibrils, proteogl. Metabarcoding as a tool for investigating arthropod diversity in nepenthes pitcher plants leonora s. This has been reported as a major pest from andhra pradesh, maharashtra, orrisa, tamilnadu, kerala, assam, bihar and west bengal. In south america this slug consumes legume pods and flowers, as well as the foliage of beans, sweet potato, cabbage, cucurbita sp. Family pyralidae genus scirpophaga species nivella distribution. Scirpophaga incertulas is a moth known as rice yellow stem borer.
Scirpophaga nivella scipauoverview eppo global database. Pdf population decrease of scirpophaga incertulas walker. Pakistan, more than 90 percent damage was recorded by s. Scirpophaga excerptalis coffs harbour butterfly house. A shortlegged, robust shrew with a long, pointed snout and a short tail. First record of an epibiont protozoan epistylis sp. Cnet networks, form 8k, current report, filing date clusters and 9, 2004 pdf. Scirpophaga incertulas walker most destructive pest. It is a serious pest of sugarcane in all the grain growing areas of the country. Then the larvae tunnel in the upper portion of the stem, resulting in drying of the central shoot, causing dead heart. Egg parasitism of scirpophaga incertulas walker lepidoptera. Nucleus pulposus is the jellylike substance in the middle of the intervertebral disc.
Be sure to check the rules for event parameters and suggested. In cauvery deltaic region four species of stem borer that is scirpophaga incertulas yellow stem borer, chilo. The shell color is also variable, ranging from offwhite to grey to pale yellow. Of the different species of stem borers reported on paddy, the yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas is the most important in india. Chase royal botanic gardens, kew sinauer associates, inc. Notes on japanese spiders of the genera paikiniana and. Scirpophaga incertulas walker yellow stem borer pyralidae. Pdf studies on the ecology of the yellow stem borer, scirpophaga. Soltis university of florida, gainesville pamela s. Pyralidae by hymenopterous parasitoids in irri rice fields. The emerging caterpillars from the eggs get distributed to the surrounding plants,bites its. The role played by the lepidopteran yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker in the life cycle of deepwater rice oryza sativa is controversial. Pdf seasonal incidence of rice stem borer, scirpophaga.
Quality control of mass rearing of egg parasitoids of yellow rice stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker. It occurs throughout most of the great plains of the united states, where it inhabits moist, welldrained grassland and riparian areas with deep leaf litter. Pdf egg parasitism of scirpophaga incertulas walker. Rules rules are available from your tournament director who has an electronic copy of the rules. Habitats and ecology this species breeds mainly in mature beds of reed phragmites on the shores of lakes and fish ponds, and along rivers and ditches and locally, breeds in willow bushes in marshland, in reeds on edges of brackish lakes, exceptionally in corn fields. The adult moth can be identified with the presence of a black spot on each orange yellow forewing. Agriculture is no different, and we are only scratching the surface of whats possible. Rice stem borer scirpophaga incertulas pyraustidae. Delphacidae spodoptera litura fabricius armyworm lepidoptera. Low infestations by stem borers may not result in yield loss because of plant compensation. It is found in afghanistan, nepal, northeastern india, sri lanka, bangladesh, myanmar, vietnam, thailand, malaysia, singapore, sumatra, java, borneo, sumba, sulawesi, the philippines, taiwan, china and japan. Ecofriendly management of scirpophaga incertulas and cnaphaocrocis medinais in bas mati rice.
Rnaseq of rice yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas. Yellow stem borer scirpophaga incertulas walker agropedia. Caterpillars bore central shoot of seedlings and tillers leading to death of central shoot called dead heart. Pdf ecofriendly management of scirpophaga incertulas. Due to such feeding at vegetative stage the central leaf whorl unfold, turns brown and dries up which is termed as dead hearth. It functions to distribute hydraulic pressure in all directions within each disc under compressive loads. Transplanting of eight paddy varieties pr1,hkr47,ndr359, sarju52,ps4,ps5,ps15 and ps21 was done on 11 th july 2016 during kharif season for investigate the seasonal incidence of rice stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker on. Integrated control of yellow rice stem borer scirpophaga incertulas.
Orthologs arise by speciation paralogs are gene duplicates. It is the most abundant stem borer in tropical lowland rice anddeepwater rice and is a damaging pest as it attacks allthe stages of the rice crop. Scrubsnail, banded conical snail, small pointed snail, potbellied helicellid. Text, images and maps give biological, ecological and geographical information. Evaluation of promising insecticides against shoot borer chilo infuscatellus snell and top borer scirpophaga excerptalis walker of sugarcane and their impact on crop growth and yield. Publishers sunderland, massachusetts soltis fm 55 12.
A frontal of the mosasaur clidastes propython from the beloe ozero locality in the saratov region rybushka formation, campanian stage, upper cretaceous is described. Systematic position phylum arthropoda advertisements. Thus there are no hits to bacteria, but all five sequences have matches in the b. Attack all stages of the rice plant 1% to 19% yield loss in early planted rice crops and 38% to 80% yield loss in lateplanted rice.
The lepidoptera of new york and neighboring states. Orthologs arise by speciation paralogs are gene duplicates within one species from biology biology ua at new york university. Young larvae bore into the midrib, leaving red markings and small holes on the leaves. Scirpophaga incertulas walker has always dominated the field, the males of which resemble closely with males of s. Field evaluation of insecticides against rice stem borer and leaf folder. Lepidoptera scirpophaga innotata walker white stem borer pyralidae. Based on the irri data they showed that a 1% increase in deadhearts caused 1. Management of rice stem borer rice stem borer causes damage by reducing the number of tillers and yield. Trend in europe the population size trend is unknown. It also forages in adjacent herbaceous vegetation, scrub. Pyralidae in kharif rice ecosystem s yumnam1,2, k i singh2 and d c ray1 1department of ecology and environmental science, assam central university, silchar 788011 2department of entomology, college of. Cnet networks, form 8k, current report, filing date oct 31, 2007 pdf. Metabarcoding as a tool for investigating arthropod. Species range from microorganisms and invertebrates to fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals and plants.
Scirpophaga incertulas walker is one of the most important to cause colossal. Reliable records of clidastes outside america have previously been reported only. Authors personal copy which increases the taxonomic coverage of the red list through inclusion of representative subsets of invertebrates and plants, so providing a more representative indicator for the status of biodiversity baillie et al. Since the turn of the 21st century, technological developments have provided humankind with tools that have become important allies of man in many fields, from the development of industry to medicine. Spermacoce pusilla spcpuoverview eppo global database.
As a thirdgeneration plant scientist, i had a lot of. Population decrease of scirpophaga incertulas walker lepidoptera pyralidae under climate warming article pdf available in ecology and evolution 21. Lepidoptera sogatella furcifera horvath brown planthopper homoptera. Lepidoptera sesamia inferens walker pink stem borer noctuidae. Its larva feeds on rice culm at the lower end part, causing the tiller to chlorosis due to undernutrition. Scirpophaga excerptalis walker, 1863 sugarcane top borer one synonym. Approximately six major species of stem borer cause significant damage to rice cultivation. In java, prior to 1945 the average area of rice attacked by the white stem borer was 20,000 baus ca 15,000 ha. Pyralidae, is an important pest of rice, oryza sativa l. The yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas walker, is the major pest in deepwater rice in the materials and methods asian region where it regularly causes. Scirpophaga incertulas walker based on climate effect.
With the death of central shoot, side branches start growing from a lower node, giving a characteristic bunchy top appearance to the plant. In many cases, this pest species has been known to eat young plants to the ground on farms. In the eu27 the population size is estimated to be increasing. Scirpophaga nivella, the sugarcane top borer zoology for. The yellow stem borer ysb, scirpophaga incertulas walker lepidoptera. Notes on japanese spiders of the genera paikiniana and solenysa araneae, linyphiidae hirotsugu ono department of zoology, national museum of nature and science, 3231, hyakunincho, shinjukuku, tokyo, 1690073 japan email. Egg are laid on the underside of the leaves, freshly hatched larvae move downwards to leaf sheath and feed on inner tissue, with the advancement of growth and development larvae bore into stem bore into stem and feed on inner surface. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Eggs are laid in batches covered with straw coloured hairs.
Zoological survey of india studies on some indian pyralid species of economic importance, part i. This is a serious pest of agriculture in central america. The yellow stem borer ysb, scirpophaga incertulas, is a prominent. Abstract the yellow stem borer ysb, scirpophaga incertulas, is a. Pdf quality control of mass rearing of egg parasitoids. The global invasive species database contains invasive species information supplied by experts on biological invasion from around the world. Effect of indigenous plant extracts on the incidence of. The spot is distinct in the case of females and indistinct in male. Scirpophaga praelata scopoli by the british museum natural history and the loan of specimens by dr. General information about scirpophaga nivella scipau eppo global database. Two specie osf the hippolyti genud heptacarpus,s h.
1058 1655 363 385 504 608 1494 427 1264 1287 578 139 1103 53 158 668 90 500 1119 476 1166 1257 190 926 194 1172 648 1006 1410 947 359 1528 104 1333 590 254 74 152 789 1365 1026 714 743 1001